Obesidade e câncer: mecanismos envolvidos e intervenções terapêuticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36560/15320221522Palavras-chave:
Obesidade, CâncerResumo
A transição demográfica iniciada no Brasil, a partir da década de 60, promoveu mudanças nos hábitos de vida da população, promovendo alterações no perfil nutricional e nas manifestações de doenças. No início do século XXI, ocorreu um marco no qual, pela primeira vez, o número de indivíduos com excesso de peso ultrapassou os de baixo peso, o que é preocupante, pois a obesidade é apontada como um dos principais fatores de risco para inúmeras patologias crônicas, incluindo diabetes, dislipidemia, doenças cardiovasculares e inúmeros tipos de câncer. A incidência e a mortalidade por câncer vêm aumentando no mundo, em parte devido ao envelhecimento e crescimento populacional, mas também pela mudança da distribuição e prevalência dos fatores de risco relacionados ao câncer. Vários fatores como mudanças metabólicas ou hormonais, influenciadas pelo aumento do tecido adiposo, resistência à insulina, hiperinsulinemia, inflamação crônica de baixo grau, maior biodisponibilidade de hormônios e estresse oxidativo, contribuem para os mecanismos de carcinogênese na obesidade. A alimentação balanceada, além de contribuir para o controle de peso, pode exercer o papel protetor em relação à carcinogênese. Há pesquisas em andamento que avaliam o potencial de vegetais verdes-escuros, alaranjados, crucíferos (repolho, brócolis, couve de Bruxelas), produtos de soja, feijão (carioca, preto, branco, vermelho), legumes, cebola, alho e tomate na prevenção do câncer. Outro fator importante é a prática regular de atividade física, que diminui o risco de câncer por melhorar a sensibilidade à insulina, o que estimula a imunidade e diminui os níveis de adipocina e marcadores inflamatórios. Dessa forma, esta revisão tem como objetivo analisar e relacionar informações associadas com a obesidade e o câncer.
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