Stress and Anxiety: contemporary biopsychosocial perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36560/19420262243Keywords:
stress, anxiety, stressors, disorders, learning disabilities, ADHD, ASD, ICTsAbstract
Stress and anxiety are key public health issues arising from the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. While stress is a normal adaptive response, chronic exposure can disrupt homeostasis and contribute to both physical and mental health disorders. The stress response involves complex regulation of the central nervous system, endocrine pathways, and immune function, and prolonged activation—particularly of the HPA axis—may lead to systemic inflammation, cognitive impairment, and increased disease vulnerability. Psychological factors such as maladaptive cognition, perceived lack of control, and emotional dysregulation further sustain anxiety states. Additionally, social determinants including socioeconomic status, occupational pressure, trauma, and environmental stressors significantly influence individual susceptibility. Overall, contemporary research highlights stress and anxiety as multidimensional phenomena requiring an integrated biopsychosocial approach to understanding their mechanisms and health impacts.
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Accepted 2026-06-03
Published 2026-06-17
