Effect of silicate fertilization on the physicochemical quality of maize grain harvested at the milk stage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36560/19520262262Keywords:
beneficial element, post-harvest, silicon, Zea mays L.Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of potassium silicate applied via foliar spray and/or to the soil on the physicochemical quality of maize kernels harvested at the milk stage. To this end, hybrid maize plants (Zea mays L., variety “Saboroso” [GranSafra]) were grown in plastic pots containing 8 dm³ of substrate inside a greenhouse at the Instituto Federal Catarinense, Videira Campus. The plants were grown with the substrate maintained near field capacity until the end of the experiment, which lasted 124 days after seedling emergence (DAE). Irrigation was managed using the gravimetric method (daily weighing of pots), with water added until the pot mass reached a predetermined value, accounting for the mass of both the soil and the water. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates, comprising four treatments (potassium silicate application methods): S+F+ (potassium silicate applied to both soil and foliage), S+F- (potassium silicate applied to soil), S-F+ (potassium silicate applied to foliage), and S-F- (control treatment, without potassium silicate application). Each experimental unit consisted of a single ear harvested from a plant grown in a plastic pot. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and treatments were compared using Tukey’s test (5% probability level) with R® software (version 4.3.2). Physicochemical evaluations of the kernels at the milk stage were performed after harvest at 124 DAE; the parameters evaluated included kernel moisture, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, and total protein and lipid content. The results demonstrated that the application of potassium silicate influenced the physicochemical attributes of corn kernels at the milk stage, with the response depending on the application method. Foliar application (S-F+) resulted in higher moisture content and titratable acidity, whereas soil application (S+F-) reduced pH values, titratable acidity, and soluble solids without compromising kernel quality. Combined soil and foliar application (S+F+) yielded the highest lipid content, promoting the accumulation of storage compounds.
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