Differences between infection with Schistosoma mansoni, Taenia spp. and Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Brazil and Africa environments viewed from an evolutionary perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36560/131020201217Palavras-chave:
Helminth parasites, Prevalence, Schistosoma mansoni, Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda,Resumo
In Brazil, when prevalence data were examined using simple summary statistics, there is a negative association between prevalence of Taenia spp. infection and Schistosoma mansoni or soil-transmitted helminths (STH) irrespective to routes of infection. That does not occur in African data. However, they vary considerably when plotted. So, in data collected on Brazilian area, it to show in ordered (smallest first) scores prevalence of STH infections both long lag phase in prevalence of STH infecting by oral route (Ascaris and Trichuris), and into STH infecting by skin route (hookworm and Strongyloides). To the other side, African study it show smaller lag phase in prevalence of STH infecting by oral route or into STH infecting by skin route. Darwinian, it was suggested Taenia spp. and STH, inhabiting a non-human environment which became so suitable for them according to their biological needs, their develop by means of natural selection.
Referências
Anscombe, F.J. Graphs in Statistical Analysis. The American Statistics. 27:17-21, 1973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1973.10478966
Blatt, J.M., Cantos, G.A. Evaluation of techniques for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and HIV negative individuals in the city of ItajaÃ, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7:402-408, 2003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702003000600008
Brooker, S., Booth. M., Guyatt. H. Comparisons of schistosome and geohelminth infection prevalences in school-aged children from selected areas of Africa: implications for rapid assessment and combined control. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 93:125-26,1999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(99)90281-X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(99)90281-X
Brooker, S., Kabatereine N.B., Smith, J.L., Mupfasoni, D., Mwanje, M.T., Ndayishimiye, O., Lwambo, N.J.S., Mbotha, D., Karanja, P., Mwandawiro, C., Muchiri, E., Clements, A.C.A., Bundy, D.A.P., Snow, R.W. An updated atlas of human helminth infections: the example of East Africa. International Journal of Health Geographics, 8:42, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-8-42
Brutus, L., Watier, L., Briand, V., Hanitrasoamampionona V, Razanatsoarilala, H., Cot, M. Parasitic co-infections: does Ascaris lumbricoides protect against Plasmodium falciparum infection? American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75:194-8, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.194
Chamone, M., Atuncar, G.S., Coelho, P.M.Z. Thermostability of heterophile antibodies from human sera infected with Schistosoma mansoni and geo-helminths. An immuno-metric statistical analysis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 48:157-65, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652006000300008
Chamone, M., Erichsen, E., Atuncar, G.S., Melo, A.L. Hidden association between Schistosoma mansoni and Ascaris lumbricoides infections. Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas, 10:146-153, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v10i2.5265
Chamone, M., Marques, C.A., Alves-Oliveira, L. Does ancylostomiasis favour the intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection? Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 80:1005, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(86)90301-9
Chamone, M., Marques, C.A., Atuncar, G.S., Pereira, A.L., Pereira L.H. Are there interactions between schistosomes and intestinal nematodes? Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84:557-58, 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(90)90039-H
Cohen, J. The earth is round (p<0.05). America Psychologyst, 49:997-1003, 1994.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.12.997 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.12.997
Correa-Oliveira, R., Dusse, L.M.S., Viana, I.R.C., Colley, D.G., Carvalho, A.S., Gazzinelli, G. Human antibody responses against schistosomal antigens. I- Antibodies from patients with Ancylostoma, Ascaris lumbricoides or Schistosoma mansoni infections react with schistosome antigens. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 38:348-355, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1988.38.348
Dobzhansky, T. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. American Biology Teacher, 35:125–29, 1973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4444260
Fleming, F.M., Brooker, S., Geiger, S.M., Caldas, I.R., Corrêa-Oliveira, R., Hotez, P., Bethony, J.M. Synergistic associations between hookworm and other helminth species in a rural community in Brazil. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 11: 56-64, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01541.x
Hammerberg, B., Williams, J.F. Interaction between Taenia taeniaeformis and the complement system. Journal of Immunology, 120:1033-8, 1978. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.120.3.1033
Jacoby, W.G. Using graphs effectively for learning: from data. 2010. Available on-line from:
http://polisci.msu.edu/jacoby/iu/graphics.
Kagan, I.G., Pellegrino, J. A critical review of immunological methods for the diagnosis of bilharziasis. Bulletin WHO, 25:611-674, 1961.
Keiser, J., N’goran, E.K., Singer, B.H., Lengeler, C., Tanner, M., Utzinger, J. Association between Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infections among schoolchildren in Côte d’Ivore. Acta Tropica, 84:31-41, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00135-3
Kozak, M. Basic principles of graphing data. Scientia Agricola, 67:483-94, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162010000400017
Laclette, J.P., Landa, A., Arcos, L., Willms, K., Davis, A.E., Shoemaker, C.B. Paramyosin is the Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda) homologue of antigen B from Taenia solium (Cestoda). Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 44:287-95, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-6851(91)90015-X
Leggett, H.C., Cornwallis, C.K., Buckling, A., West, S.A. Growth rate, transmission mode and virulence in human pathogens. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, 372:20160094, 2017. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0094
LeGrand, E.K., Brown, C.C. Darwinian medicine: Applications of evoluti onary biology for veterinarians. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 43:556–59,2002.
Lenzi, H.L., Pacheco, R.G., Pelajo-Machado, M., Panasco, M.S., Romanha, W.S., Lenzi, J.A. Immunological system and Schistosoma mansoni: co-evolutionary immunobiology. What is the eosinophil role in parasite-host relationship? Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 92 (Suppl. II):19-32, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761997000800005
Lurie, H.I., De Meillon, B. Skin tests for schistosomiasis. South African Medical Journal, 25:321-4, 1951.
Nacher, M. Helminth-infected patients with malaria: a low profile transmission hub? Malaria Journal, 11:376, 2102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-376
Nacher, M., Gay, F., Singhasivanon, P., Krudsood, S., Treeprasertsuk, S. Ascaris lumbricoides infection is associated with protection from cerebral malaria. Parasite immunology, 22:107-113, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00284.x
Nascimento, B.C., Chamone, M. The separation of complement inhibitors from patients with schistosomiasis or Chagas' disease by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200: a preliminary study. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 21:295-9, 1988.
Nascimento, B.C., Cisalpino, E.O., Chamone, M. Blocking of haemolytic complement by heterogeneous factors present in lepromatous leprosy. Leprosy Review , 60:68-70, 1989.
Nesse, R.M. How is Darwinian medicine useful? Western Journal of Medicine, 174:358–60, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.174.5.358
Nutman, T.B. Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related Strongyloides species. Parasitology, 144: 263–273, 2017. doi: 10.1017/S0031182016000834. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182016000834
Paula, F.M., Costa-Cruz, J.M. Epidemiological aspects of Strongyloidiasis in Brazil. Parasitology, 138:1331-1340, 2011. Doi: 10.1017/S003118201100120X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118201100120X
Pianka, E.R. Evolutionary Ecology. 6th ed. Benjamin-Cummings & Addison-Wesley-Longman San Francisco; 512p. 2000.
Poulin, R. The Evolutionary ecology of parasites. 2nd ed. Princeton Univ. Press, New Jersey, 360p. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400840809
Pullan, R.L., Bethony, J.M., Geiger, S.M., Correa-Oliveira, R., Brooker, S., Quinnell, R.J. Human helminth co-infection: no evidence of common genetic control of hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infection intensity in a Brazilian community. International Journal of Parasitology, 40:299-306, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.08.002
Raso, G., Luginbühl, A., Adjoua, C.A., Tian-Bi, N.T., Silué, K.D., Mattys, B. et al. Multiple parasite infections and their relationship to self-reported morbidity in a community of rural Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33:1092–1102, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh241
Sadlier, C.M., Brown, A., Lambert, J.S., Sheehan, G., Mallon, P.W.G. Seroprevalence of Schistosomiasis and Strongyloides infection in HIV-infected patients from endemic areas attending a European infectious diseases clinic. AIDS Research and Therapy, 10:23-27, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-10-23
Webster, M., Correa-Oliveira, R., Gazzinelli, G., Viana, I. R.C., Fraga, L. A-Oliveira, Silveira, A.M.S., Dunne, D.W. Factors affecting high and low human IgE responses to schistosome worm antigens in an area of Brazil endemic for Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 57: 487–494, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.487
Williams, G.C., Nesse, R.M. The dawn of Darwinian medicine. Quarterly Review of Biology., 66:1–22, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/417048
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
A revista se reserva o direito de fazer altera
