Anatomical dissection in human cadavers: re-signification of ancient practices of teaching human anatomy as a learning strategy in medical school.

Abstract

Anatomical dissection of human cadavers is a fundamental practice in the teaching of anatomy, providing a three-dimensional visualization of the body’s structures and the development of clinical skills. Despite technological advances and the use of virtual anatomical models, dissection remains an effective method by promoting hands-on experience and consolidating knowledge. Thus, the present study aimed to report the creation and implementation of an anatomical dissection course on human cadavers, held between April and June 2024, at a public university in the state of Piauí, highlighting its importance for the education of healthcare students. For the course’s effectiveness, days before the practical lessons, the cadavers used during the course were removed from the formaldehyde tanks, washed to remove excess formalin, and properly prepared to allow the incisions by the scalpel to occur naturally and without difficulty, through hair removal on the cadavers. Additionally, scalpel handles equipped with No. 24 blades, straight Metzenbaum scissors, straight iris scissors, needle holders, nylon suture threads with No. 4 needles, rat-tooth forceps, and anatomical dissection forceps were laid out on the benches for use in both cadaver dissection practices and during suture training. Furthermore, theoretical lessons on biosafety, simple suture techniques - simple stitch and X-stitch - as well as lessons on anatomical planes and practical dissection activities of the integumentary system, adipose tissue, and viscera were conducted. The adopted methodology allowed for the preservation of a cadaveric collection for study, strengthening the connection between theory and practice. Moreover, it facilitated the discussion of the bioethical and legal aspects of using cadavers in education, considering different cultural and legal perspectives. Therefore, it is concluded that anatomical dissection should remain an essential teaching strategy, combined with new technologies to enhance the learning of human anatomy.